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Key to northern European Pimplinae
Pimplinae
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Taxa:
Areolet
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Areolet closed.
Areolet open.
Ovipositor Length
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Ovipositor shorter than hind tibia.
Ovipositor longer than hind tibia but less than 3 times the length of the hind tibia.
Ovipositor between 3 and 3.7 times longer than hind tibia AND nervellus intercepted below middle.
Ovipositor more than 3.9 times longer than hind tibia AND/OR nervellus intercepted above middle.
Ovipositor shape
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Ovipositor indistinctly upcurved and tapered from middle to apex.
Ovipositor apex abruptly downcurved.
Ovipositor usually straight, not abruptly downcurved and tapered only at the apex.
Tarsi
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5th tarsal segment noticeably broadened and usually with the pulvillus projecting beyond the claws.
5th tarsal segment not broadened and usually with the pulvillus rarely projecting beyond the claws.
Mesoscutum
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Mesoscutum with dense transverse carinae.
Mesoscutum with a vertical carina on each side in front of the notaulus.
Mesoscutum without transverse and vertical carinae.
Tergites
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Tergites 2-4 with central evenly convex rhombic areas defined by grooves with almost no punctures.
Tergites 2-4 polished and unsculptured.
Tergites 2-4 different, with either distinct macrosculpture or microsculpture.
Clypeus
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Clypeal sulcus absent so that the face and clypeus form a continuous and uninterrupted surface.
Clypeal sulcus present, though sometimes weak.
Notauli
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Notauli absent.
Notauli present.
Occipital carina
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Occipital carina interrupted medially.
Occipital carina complete and dipped medially.
Occipital carina complete and evenly convex.
Tyloids
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Male antennae with tyloids.
Male antennae without tyloids.
Lower valve
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Proximal tooth of lower valve of ovipositor large, forming a long antero-dorsal spine.
Proximal tooth of lower valve not enlarged.
Hind tibia
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Females with a longitudinal glabrous furrow on the inner side of hind tibia.
Females without a longitudinal glabrous furrow on the inner side of hind tibia.
Metasomal foramen
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Foramen where metasoma inserts into propodeum separated from hind coxal cavity by a sclerotized bridge.
Foramen where metasoma inserts into propodeum confluent with hind coxal cavity.
Mesopleural furrow
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Mesopleural furrow not angled opposite episternal scrobe.
Mesopleural furrow angled opposite episternal scrobe.
Laterotergites
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Laterotergites on tergite 5 at least 4 times longer than wide.
Laterotergites on tergite 5 at most 3 times longer than wide.
Claws
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Females with fore tarsal claw with tooth-like basal lobe.
Females with fore tarsal claws without tooth-like basal lobe.
Nervellus 1
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Nervellus noticeably reclivous, subbasal cell broad.
Nervellus vertical or inclivous, subbasal usually narrower.
Nervellus 2
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Nervellus intercepted below the middle.
Nervellus intercepted at or above middle.
Head
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Face, vertex or genae with yellow, ivory or white areas.
Head black. Clypeus sometimes yellowish.
Tergite punctation
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Tergites punctate, usually with distinct spaces between punctures and usually polished.
Tergites irregularly granulate, sometimes punctate-reticulate anteriorly.
Tergite 1
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Tergite 1 with antero-lateral corners produced to form a tooth.
Tergite 1 with antero-lateral corners not produced to form a tooth.
Ovipositor apex
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Ovipositor apex with ventral valves extended to partially enclose the dorsal valve and are clearly visible in dorsal view. Dorsal valve without minute teeth.
Ovipositor apex with ventral valves not enclosing the dorsal valve. Dorsal valve without minute teeth.
Dorsal valve without minute teeth (difficult to see).
Ovipositor teeth
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Ovipositor tip with teeth, excluding the most proximal one, more or less vertical.
Ovipositor tip with central and proximal teeth oblique.
Clypeus width
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Clypeus broad, almost 3 times wider than high.
Clypeus not as broad, significantly less than 3 times wider than high.
Mandibles
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Mandibles coarsely longitudinally striate.
Mandibles not striate, but can be otherwise strongly sculptured.
Coxae
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Coxae red or only black at the base.
Coxae mostly black.
Itoplectis / Pimpla
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Hind tarsus with segment 2 distinctly shorter than segment 5. Margin of eyes strongly emarginated at level of antennae. Antennae often subclavate.
Hind tarsus with segment 2 very slightly shorter than segment 5 or longer. Margin of eyes usually only weakly emarginated at level of antennae. Antennae never subclavate.
Flacopimpla / Zatypota
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Mandible with upper tooth slender and upcurved. Labial palps with 4 segments.
Mandible with upper tooth not as slender and upcurved. Labial palps with 3 segments.
Atractogaster / Delomerista
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Inner orbits and gena yellow. Ovipositor apex slender and undulate.
At most gena yellow or ivory. Ovipositor apex often broad and never undulate.
Iseropus / Gregopimpla
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Propodeum weakly convex in profile. Tergite 2 of metasoma with oblique depressions cutting off anterolateral corners, and with lateromedian swellings that are less densely punctate than is the central area.
Propodeum more strongly convex in profile. Tergite 2 of metasoma without distinct oblique depressions anterolaterally, generally rather evenly convex and centrally broadly uniformly punctate.
Remaining taxa:
Acrodactyla
Acropimpla
Apechthis
Atractogaster
Clistopyga
Delomerista
Dolichomitus
Endromopoda
Ephialtes
Exeristes
Flacopimpla barathrica
Flavopimpla cicatricosa
Fredegunda diluta
Gregopimpla (most)
Gregopimpla (some specimens)
Hybomischos
Iania pictifrons
Iseropus stercorator
Itoplectis
Liotryphon
Megaetaira madida
Oxyrrhexis
Paraperithous gnathaulax
Perithous
Pimpla
Piogaster
Polysphincta
Pseudorhyssa
Reclinervellus nielseni
Scambus
Schizopyga
Sinarachna
Theronia
Townesia tenuiventris
Tromatobia
Zaglyptus
Zatypota
Discarded taxa:
Info
This is a preliminary key to the northern European genera of Pimplinae. Use with caution.
References
Fitton, M.G., Shaw, M.R. & Gauld, I.D. (1988). Pimpline Ichneumon-flies. Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae (Pimplinae). Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects 7(1): 1–110.
Fritzén, N.R. (2014). Two new species of the Polysphincta genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) reared from their spider (Araneae) hosts in Europe. Zootaxa 3894(1): 117–130.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.9
Gauld, I.D. & Dubois, J. (2006). Phylogeny of the Polysphincta group of genera (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Pimplinae): a taxonomic revision of spider ectoparasitoids. Systematic Entomology 31(3): 529–564.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00334.x
Matsumoto, R. (2016). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the Polysphincta group of genera (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae). Systematic Entomology 41(4): 854–864.
https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12196
Varga, O. (2017). A review of the genus
Exeristes
(Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from Carpathians, with an illustrated key to Western Palaearctic species. Vestnik zoologii 51(1): 9–14.
Varga, O. (2018). A review of the tribe Delomeristini (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Vestnik zoologii 52(3): 235–240.
Key to northern European Pimplinae
Pimplinae
